Removal of Arsenic by Alumina: Effects of Material Size,Additives, and Water Contaminants          下载免费PDF全文

Victor K. Tchieda  Emilio D'Amato  Agostina Chiavola  Mariapaola Parisi  Angelo Chianese  Mohamed Amamra  Andrei Kanaev 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(5):496-505

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Combination of Syringe–Solid Phase Extraction with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Efficient Heavy Metals Detection          下载免费PDF全文

Mohamed A. Habila  Zeid A. ALOthman  Ahmed Mohamed El‐Toni  Mustafa Soylak 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(6):720-727

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泥水平衡盾构顶推力非线性动力学分析与应用研究     

耿哲  李树忱  赵世森  张靖宇 《岩土力学》2018,39(Z1):469-476

泥水平衡盾构开挖过程中常遇到盾构顶推力难以确定且波动复杂的问题。针对该问题,对盾构推进过程中所受阻力进行系统的分析,确定了阻力的组成部分和计算方法,改进了盾壳与周围土体间摩擦力的计算公式。分析泥水平衡盾构推进系统的组成和工作原理,基于盾构推力的静力学模型建立了单自由度动力学模型,根据能量守恒原理建立了系统的平衡微分方程,推导出盾构推力的非线性动力学公式。基于上述公式,分析了盾构推力的变化趋势和波动规律,确定了液压油缸的最佳行程距离。通过与武汉地铁8号线越江隧道长江穿越段盾构顶进推力的实测数据对比分析,验证了提出公式能够正确计算管片衬砌所受的动态顶推载荷,对衬砌结构内力分析具有重要意义。  相似文献   

川南煤层甲烷解吸动力学影响因素实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李相臣  康毅力  尹中山  张梦莲 《煤田地质与勘探》2013,41(4):31-34

为了系统研究煤层气（甲烷）解吸动力学的影响因素,选用川南地区的无烟煤,设计了不同压力、温度、粒度和湿度下的煤层气解吸动力学实验。采用高温高压煤层气吸附/解吸测试系统进行实验,并拟合实验结果获得了不同条件下的扩散系数。研究表明:压力和温度越高,甲烷解吸量和解吸速率越大;粒度越大,甲烷解吸量和解吸速率越小;低于平衡水含量时,湿度增大,甲烷解吸量和解吸速率降低;甲烷扩散系数拟合结果揭示,扩散系数随压力增高而减小,随温度升高而增大,随湿度增大而减小。   相似文献   

水泥土在侵蚀环境中的试验研究和等效分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘泉声  柳志平  程勇  贾瑞华 《岩土力学》2013,34(7):1854-1860

拱北隧道是港珠澳大桥连接线的重要组成部分,隧道基底采用水泥土加固体处理。在加固体所处的环境中,由于地下承压水与海水相连,海水中所含的侵蚀性离子易对加固体产生一定的影响。通过室内试验和理论推导,研究侵蚀环境下水泥土的力学性能和耐久性。自制水泥土试块并模拟侵蚀环境,水泥土试块在侵蚀环境中浸泡时间分别为90、180、270 d,对浸泡后的水泥土试块进行无侧限抗压试验。试验结果表明：在侵蚀环境的影响下,水泥土试块强度的最大值出现在90～ 270 d之间。浸泡时间超过90 d,氯化镁和氯化钠的混合溶液（MCN）使水泥土试块的抗压强度表现出明显的衰减响应。在低浓度（1.5 g/L和4.5 g/L）条件下,MSN中的硫酸镁与水泥土中的3CaO•2SiO2•3H2O充分反应,使水泥土的抗压强度达到最高值,同比情况下对水泥土的抗压强度损伤最小。在相同的浓度下,氯化镁对水泥土试块的抗压强度影响比硫酸镁大。从化学动力学基本原理出发,基于硫酸镁与水泥水化产物的化学反应过程,推导得出侵蚀性溶液浓度与侵蚀时间之间的关系式(C1/C2)β=t2/t1,即当水泥土被侵蚀后达到同等抗压强度时,侵蚀性物质浓度的反应级数次方与侵蚀时间成反比。根据公式,可以通过较高浓度的侵蚀性溶液对水泥土试样浸泡较短时间条件下的强度试验结果,预测分析较低浓度的侵蚀性溶液对水泥土试样浸泡较长时间条件下的水泥土强度。最后结合试验数据对理论结果进行了验证。  相似文献   

Modeling of the Removal of Arsenic Species from Simulated Groundwater Containing As,Fe, and Mn: A Neural Network Based Approach     

Prasenjit Mondal  Bikash Mohanty  Chandrajit Balomajumder  Samir Saraswati 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(3):285-289

The present paper deals with the modeling of the removal of total arsenic As(T), trivalent arsenic As(III), and pentavalent arsenic As(V) from synthetic solutions containing total arsenic (0.167–2.0 mg/L), Fe (0.9–2.7 mg/L), and Mn (0.2–0.6 mg/L) in a batch reactor using Fe impregnated granular activated charcoal (GAC‐Fe). Mass ratio of As(III) and As(V) in the solution was 1:1. Multi‐layer neural network (MLNN) has been used and full factorial design technique has been applied for the selection of input data set. The developed models are able to predict the adsorption of arsenic species with an error limit of ?0.3 to +1.7%. Combination of MLNN with design of experiment has been able to generalize the MLNN with less number of experimental points.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Two Low‐Cost–High‐Performance Adsorbent Materials in the Waste‐to‐Product Approach for the Removal of Pesticides from Drinking Water     

Pham Thi Thuy  Nguyen Viet Anh  Bart van der Bruggen 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(3):246-253

This study evaluates the performance of two low cost and high performance adsorption materials, i.e., activated carbon produced from two natural waste products: Bamboo and coconut shell, in the removal of three pesticides from drinking water sources. Due to the fact that bamboo and coconut shell are abundant and inexpensive materials in many parts of the world, they respond to the “low‐cost” aspect. The adsorption capacities of two local adsorbents have been compared with commercial activated carbon to explore their potential to respond to the “high quality” aspect. Two pesticides were selected, namely dieldrin and chlorpyrifos, because they are commonly used in agriculture activities, and may remain in high concentrations in surface water used as drinking water sources. The results indicate that the adsorption of pesticides on activated carbons is influenced by physico‐chemical properties of the activated carbon and the pesticides such as the presence of an aromatic ring, and their molar mass. The activated carbon produced from bamboo can be employed as low‐cost and high performance adsorbent, alternative to commercial activated carbon for the removal of pesticides during drinking water production. The performance of activated carbon from bamboo was better due to its relatively large macroporosity and planar surface. The effect of adsorbent and pesticide characteristics on the performance was derived from batch experiments in which the adsorption behavior was studied on the basis of Freundlich isotherms.  相似文献   

Investigation of the Possibility of Copper Removal from Industrial Leachate by Raw and Calcined Phosphogypsum: D‐Optimal and Taguchi Designs     

Başak Mesci  Nurdan Gamze Turan  Okan Ozgonenel 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(8):850-855

In the present study, the removal of Cu(II) was evaluated by raw and calcined phosphogypsum (PG) as an industrial product. The role of experimental factors on the removal of Cu(II) was examined by using D‐optimal and Taguchi designs. The experimental factors and their related levels were selected as initial pH of 3–6–8, adsorbent content of 5, 10, and 25 g L^?1, contact time of 5, 10, and 20 min, and temperature of 20, 40, and 60°C. The results are evaluated by ANOVA test to extract important experimental factors and their levels. The performances of the suggested factorial designs were then compared and regression models that took into account the significant main and interaction effects were suggested. Taguchi design was found as a reliable solution with less number of experiments for adsorption studies with the optimized values. The resultant removal efficiency is calculated as 78.34%. The results revealed that calcined PG is an appropriate adsorbent for Cu(II) removal from leachate of industrial waste.  相似文献   

海带的碳酸钠消解过程动力学     

代云法  陈晓琳  刘天中 《海洋科学》2012,36(4):37-42

以海带为原料,考察了消解反应温度、碳酸钠浓度、搅拌速度及海带块尺寸对消解反应动力学、褐藻胶收率及产品黏度的影响。结果表明,随温度、碳酸钠浓度、搅拌速度的升高,消解反应速度明显加快,褐藻胶提取速率随之增大。海带块大小对反应速率也存在一定的影响,海带块越小,褐藻酸钠提取反应速率越快。确定的较佳消解条件为：Na2C03浓度为0．5％,消解温度为60℃,搅拌速度200r／min,海带块尺寸为20mm。在此条件下,产品的产率可超过22％,黏度超过了20000mPa·S。研究结果为优化传统海带消解工艺,节约碱耗,缩短反应时间、提高产品收率和品质提供了参考。  相似文献   

铁及超声辅助铁还原降解水中氯乙酸及其动力学研究     

李先国  王岩  刘金燕  张大海  李艳霞  马燕燕 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,(Z2):112-116

以二氯乙酸(DCAA)和三氯乙酸(TCAA)为目标污染物,研究了铁(Fe0)和超声辅助铁(US-Fe0)还原降解水溶液中氯乙酸,以及溶液初始pH值、Fe0投加量、反应温度、反应时间、氯乙酸初始浓度对降解率的影响,并对降解的动力学进行了初步研究。结果表明,Fe0还原氯乙酸的最佳条件是:pH值为4.0、铁投加量为4g·L-1,室温条件下反应16h。超声辅助对Fe0还原水中氯乙酸的反应具有显著促进作用。在初始浓度为50μg·L-1时,US-Fe0还原降解DCAA和TCAA的降解率分别为87.3%和82.0%。Fe0和US-Fe0还原降解氯乙酸均符合准一级反应动力学(对氯乙酸),降解的表观速率常数分别为1.03×10-3 s-1(Fe0还原DCAA)、5.70×10-3 s-1(US-Fe0还原DCAA)和5.63×10-4 s-1(Fe0还原TCAA)、2.58×10-3 s-1(US-Fe0还原TCAA)。TCAA脱氯生成DCAA是降解的速率控制步骤。  相似文献